Blood Bank

1.        Donor number (Bag no.), date of collection, date of expiry, donor no. on the pilot tube shall be rechecked before processing the blood. 2.        ABO grouping must be determined by cell and serum (reverse) grouping and recorded on the blood bags. 3.        Rh type must be tested and recorded on the blood bag. 4.        All Rh negative blood must be tested with two different make/lot no. reagents and also Du test must be done. 5.        All blood units shall be tested for unexpected antibodies. All blood units shall be tested for HIV 1&2, Hepatitis B & C, VDRL and malarial parasite. 6.        If all the test results are found non reactive the blood collected in single bags shall be transferred to blood storage refrigerator for cross matching and issue. 7.    ...

Copper Sulphate solution specific gravity 1053) This solutionisused for haemoglobin estimation of blood donors. The methodis based on specific gravity and is reasonably reliable method for determining the haemoglobin of blood donors. It is indirect method of the Hib values. Preparation of copper sulphate solution:  CuSO4 solution of sp. Gr. 1.053 Method -1:  Prepare stock solution of copper sulphate (sp. Gravity 1.100) ► Dissolve 159.63 of pure air dried crystals of copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O) in distilled water and make up to exactly 1000 ml at 25°C. The specific gravity of the solution must be 1.100. – . Preparation of CuSO4Solution of specific gravity 1.052-1.055 Sp Gr Stock Solution Distilled Water Hb Equivalent 1.052 51 ml 100ml 12.0 g 1.053 52ml 100ml 12.5g 1.054 53ml 100ml 13.0g 1.055 54ml...

Concentrated RED cells Packed red cells are prepared by removing most of the plasma from a unit of whole blood. Red cells are prepared by removing most of the plasma from a unit of whole blood. Red cells have higher specific gravity than plasma, the red cells settle in the lower portion of the bag due to the gravitational setting (sedimentation) or centrifugation. Red blood cells concentrate should be prepared from the whole blood collected in plastic bags, preferably in double or multiple plastic bags systems. Plasma is separated from red cells following either centrifugation or undisturbed sedimentation at any time before the expiry date of blood. If system is in use the expiry date of red cells shall be the same as whole blood. However, if an open system is used, the expiry date shall be 24 hours after separation. Procedure : 1.     Collect appropriate volume of donor blood in CPDA double bag or triple bag. 2.       Store at ...

Donor Preparation: 1.     The phlebotomist should wash his/her hands with soap and water and should wear sterile gloves. 2.     Select the required bag and write donor no., date of collection and expiry. 3.      Inspect the bag for leakage or any other defect. The anticoagulant solution must . be clear. Place the bag on a pre-programmed blood collection monitor and press the start button. 4.      Choose the site of venipuncture in the anticubital are of the arm. Apply blood pressure cuff, inflate to 50-60mm of Hg and select a prominent and firm vein in the area that is free of any skin lesions/needle marks. Asking the donor to close the fist usually helps in bringing the vein in to prominence. 5.     Release the blood pressure cuff and thoroughly clean the selected site of venipuncture with an antiseptic lotion in the following way. a)      Clean 4-5 cm area starting at...

As a blood transfusion service deals with different functions related to donors and patients, it is imperative to keep in mind the safety of both donors and recipients. The blood transfusion service has to be planned and organized in such a way that it fulfils its ideal aims and objectives Like . 1.     Recruitment of blood donors - voluntary & replacement 2.     Care of donor, donated unit and the recipient 3.     Maintain adequate blood stock Provide clinically effective blood components 4.     Optimal use of available blood

Blood Transfusion Reaction: Any adverse effect caused by transfusion may be considered a transfusion reaction. Some are mild, others are life threatening All reactions should be documented and reported. Guidelines for the recognition of transfusion reactions are: Mild Reaction Sign Symptoms Possible cause Localized urticaria / rashes Itching Hypersensitivity( mild) Moderately severe Flushing, urticaria, rigor, , fever, restlessness, tachycardia Anxiety, pruritus(itching), palpitations, mild dyspnoea, Headache Hypersensutivity . febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction: Antibodies to WBC, platelict/ proteins Possible contamination with pyrogens and bacteria. Life threatening Rigor, fever, restlessness, tachycardia, haemoglobinourea, unexplained bleeding Anxiety, chest pain, pain near infusion site respiratory distress/ shortness of breath , loi...

Management of Adverse Transfusion reaction: Mild reaction: 1.      Slow the transfusion 2.      Administer antihistamine 3.     If no clinical improvement within 30 minutes or if signs and symptoms worsen, treat moderately severe.  Moderately severe: 1.      Stop transfusion, replace the giving set and keep I.V line open with normal saline. 2.      Notify the doctor responsible for the patient and blood bank immediately. 3.     Send blood unit with giving set, fresh blood samples (1 clotted and 1 EDTA) from vein opposite infusion site with appropriate reaction form to blood bank for investigations. . 4.     Administer antihistamine andantipyretic. 5.     Give I.V corticosteroids and bronchodilators if there are anaphylactoid features 6.     Collect urine for next 24 hrs for evidence of haemolys...