Adverse Donor Reaction

If adverse reaction occurs:
a.      Remove the B.P cuff and withdraw the needle from the donor's vein at the first sign of a reaction. Put asterile Swab at the venipuncture site and apply pressure with thumb.
b.     Call for assistance from other personnel or the medical officer if needed.
c.      If possible remove the donor to an area where he/she can be attended to privacy.

Syncope ( Fainting or Vasovagal Syndrome )

The symptoms may include Sweating, weakness, dizziness, pallor, loss of consciousness, convulsions and involuntary passage of urine and faces. The skin is usually cold, blood pressure falls and the pulse become thready.

Management:  
a.     Place the donor on his/back and raise the legs above the level of the donor's head
b.    Loose tight clothing
c.    Ensure adequate airway
d.    Administer inhalation of aromatic spirit of ammonia.
e.    Apply cold compresses to donor's head.
f.     Check the blood pressure, pulse and respiration until donor recover.


Tetany (twitching or muscular spasm) :

 Anxiety and deep breathing may cause the exited donor to loose excess of carbon dioxide, which may cause tetany characterized by twitching or muscular spasm due to hyperventilation.
Management:
The donor is asked to breathe into a paper bag which brings prompt relief. Don't give Oxygen.
Nausea and vomiting:
Management:
a.    Make the donor comfortable as possible.
b.      Ask the donor to breath slowly and deeply
c.       Turn the donor's head to a side to avoid aspiration of vomits
d.      If donor vomits, provide suitable receptacle and towel or cleansing tissues.
e.        
f.        



Haematoma:  

Management:

a.    Deflate the blood pressure cuff. Ask the donor to open the fist and withdraw the needle from the vein.
b.      Place tongue blade between the teeth to prevent him/her from biting the tongue.
c.       Ensure adequate air way.



Cardiac problems:

 Serious cardiac problems are extremely rare in the blood donor. If donor is in cardiac arrest, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation and continue until medical aid arrives.

                                               

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Storage of Blood and Blood Products.

Srl No   Name of the product Temperature Shelf Life 1. Whole Blood ( CPDA ) 2 -6 *c 35 Days 2. (a) Concentrated RBC ( CPDA-1) closed system (b) Concentrated RBC ( CPDA-1) open system (c) Concentrated RBC ( SAGM) 2 -6 *c 2 -6 *c 2 -6 *c 35 Days 24 Hrs 42 Days 3. Fresh Frozen Plasma -30*c 1 year 4. Thawed 2 -6 *c 12 Hrs 5. Platelet concentrate 20 – 24 *c 3- 5 days (Depending on the bag ) Other items to be observed     Pilot tubes of issued blood                            -         ...
Read more

Unexpected antibody test

Saline method of antibodies testing Method: 1.     Put 2 drops oftest serum in a labeled tube 2.     Add 1 drop of 2-4% suspension of appropriate red cells in Saline and mix 3.     Incubate at R.T for 30-45 min. In urgent cases centrifuge the tubes at 1000 rpm for 1 min after 5-10 min. incubation at room temperature (spin method) 4.     Observe the supernatant fluid for the presence of haemolysis 5.     Gently disperse the cell button and check for agglutination against a well lighted background Albumin method of antibodies testing Method: 1.     Add 2 drops oftest serum to a labeled tube 2.     Add one drop of 2-4% suspension of appropriate RBC in Saline 3.     Add two drops of bovine albumin 22% 4.     Mix and incubate at 37°C for 30-60 minutes 5.     Centrifuge at1000 rpm for 1 minutes 6.    ...
Read more

Phlebotomy

Donor Preparation: 1.     The phlebotomist should wash his/her hands with soap and water and should wear sterile gloves. 2.     Select the required bag and write donor no., date of collection and expiry. 3.      Inspect the bag for leakage or any other defect. The anticoagulant solution must . be clear. Place the bag on a pre-programmed blood collection monitor and press the start button. 4.      Choose the site of venipuncture in the anticubital are of the arm. Apply blood pressure cuff, inflate to 50-60mm of Hg and select a prominent and firm vein in the area that is free of any skin lesions/needle marks. Asking the donor to close the fist usually helps in bringing the vein in to prominence. 5.     Release the blood pressure cuff and thoroughly clean the selected site of venipuncture with an antiseptic lotion in the following way. a)      Clean 4-5 cm area starting at...
Read more